Tool and part of a tool.



AXEL 3. Ross, or roar RICHMOND, new YORK,

ASSIGNOR F ONE-HALF T0 FRANK H.

mnnnnra, or'BL-ooMrIELn, NEW JERSEY.

TOOL AND PART OF A TOOL.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AxEL B. Ross, a subject of the King of Denmark, and a resident of Port Richmond, Staten Island, in the county of Richmond and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Tool and Part ofa Tool, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to a method of composed of the inexpensive'material pro duces, furthermore, articles the servlce of which compares favorably with that of the like articles composed of the more expensive material. r

In carrying out the process, material is employed which is only slightly hardened upon being heated and then chilled, such as mild steel or iron, and hereinafter referred to in the claim as-iron. Iron containing approximately one-tenth of one per cent. of

carbon and eight-tenths of one-per cent. of

manganese, together'with the usual impurities (not in excess) present, has been found to best serve the purpose. The use of such material, moreover, effects considerable economy in the actual manufacture of thearticles; and after the same are mechani cally complete, they are subjected to a hardening treatment. This is effected by embedding in a carbonaceous material such as pulverized or granulated charcoal or raw bone, or preferably in a mixture of the two consisting of two parts of the former to one of the latter, inclosing the same in a suitable container and heating out of contact with the air for a period of approximately three hours (although this period may be varied slightly either way) at a temperature of from 1700 to 1850' degrees Fahrenheit. After the completion of the heating, the

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 22, 1916. Application filed July 30, 1912. Serial No. 712,281.

articles are removed and immediately chilled by immersing the same in a suitable liquid, 7 preferably cold water.

A tool or tool part treated as aforesaid will be found to consist of a hard shell inclosing a soft core. The shell varies slightly with the conditions of production and will be approximately one thirty-second of an inch in thickness and of great hardness, inclosing or surrounding and blending with the core which is only slightly hardened. w r The shell is of-such hardness that, should it extend throughout the tool, the same would be too brittle for use; and the core will be so soft that, should it extend to the surface, the malleability of the tool would vitiate its usefulness. The tool treated in the manner herein set forth, however,.re ceives when employed, the impact upon the hard shell which is supported by the core of sufficient hardness to prevent offsetting, said core, moreover, being soft enough to stand service without fracturing. For example, 7 5 rivet sets and dies have been found to give more service and to retain their outer hardness and shape under conditions which cause the like tools made of high grade tool steel and tempered to lose some of their hardness and their shape.

Attempts to accomplish the results herein set forth have previously been without success; and the success of the improved method appears to depend upon the particular composition of the material employed, no great variation being permissible, the time of heating, the degree of heat and the immediate and rapid chilling.

I claim y A rivet-set composed of iron containing 3 one-tenth of one per cent. of carbon and eight-tenths of one per cent. of manganese, the outer shell thereof being hardened to substantially one-thirty second of an inch.

Signed at New York in the county of New York and State of New York this 29th day of July A. D. 1912.

AXEL B. ROSS.

Witnesses:

LAURA E. SMITH, FnnDK F. SCHUETZ.

copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents, each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, I). G. 

